The composition CnΔ(X)→∂nCn−1Δ(X)→∂n−1Cn−2Δ(X)C^\Delta_n(X) \xrightarrow{\partial_n} C^\Delta_{n-1}(X) \xrightarrow{\partial_{n-1}} C^\Delta_{n-2}(X)CnΔ(X)∂nCn−1Δ(X)∂n−1Cn−2Δ(X)DefinitionBoundary homomorphism (also known as differential)2026-10-04 · Lîm Tsú-thuàn is the zero map.